To avoid edge effects, the lattice is represented on a circle for a one-dimensional model or a torus for a two-dimensional model. |
It is endlessly turning upon itself, a torus, a doughnut, spinning on the axis of the circular cylinder that is the doughnut. |
Joining the remaining pair of sides turns the cylinder into a doughnut, or torus. |
The defense platform was a torus with three large solar panel arrays extending out from it with 120 degrees between them. |
It therefore has a different topology from the torus of fig. 4, which was be deformed into a mug with only one handle. |
Hence the results presented for the torus will have general relevance for vestibular channels. |