| Development consisted of the orderly assembly and expression of the gemmules transmitted via the parental germ cells to the progeny. |
| Freshwater sponge gemmules allow a species to survive unfavourable conditions in a state in which vital activities are almost completely suspended. |
| After being modified, gemmules are released from the cell and travel in the circulation to the gametes. |
| Numerous species of sponges produce gemmules, masses of cells enclosed in resistant cases, that can become new sponges. |
| Dendrites branch repeatedly, and their surfaces are studded with spines or gemmules, thus expanding the receptive cell surface. |
| All freshwater sponges and some marine species survive cold or drought by forming gemmules within the body of the adult sponge. |
