| In these experiments, the optimal conditions for xanthation were determined and sulfonation was performed. |
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| Oxidation, previous to xanthation, increased metal retention in the coal to values comparable with those of a commercial synthetic resin. |
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| The participation of the hydroxyl groups of lignin in xanthation reactions has also been studied. |
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| Xanthation increases the coal functional groups content for complexing metals. |
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