I want to go back to Marx and Engels, and argue that socialism was impossible before capitalism. |
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True, Marx mentions a few authors by name, but only to pour heavily Teutonic scorn and contumely upon them. |
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When the movie work began to dry up, Groucho Marx found a new lease of life as the host of a radio quiz show, You Bet Your Life. |
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In his writing on India, Marx shows himself under no illusions concerning the brutal and mercenary nature of British rule. |
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One might expect that Marx would go on to explain in some detail what communism would be like. |
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As Marx pointed out, idealism often was better than materialism at capturing agency. |
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By the time I got to university I was reading Marx and learning about how religion was the opium of the people. |
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For Marx the unity of theory and practice meant the resolution of theoretical problems by practical activity. |
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The one twist in this otherwise predictable apology for capitalism is the draping of Marx in the clothes of capital. |
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He suggests that Marx lost his faith in the ability of the working class to fight for change. |
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Marx drafted and redrafted this chapter several times in order to make it as accessible as possible. |
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Marx suggests that Shakespeare expanded his original sources in order to theologize the comedy and render theology as entertainment. |
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Engels was the lifelong collaborator of Karl Marx and systematizer of Marxism. |
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One of the quotes which was repeatedly cited by Stalin concerned the difference drawn by Marx between socialism and communism. |
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Money, the means of expression of value as a symbolic equivalent, is comparable, Marx said, to language. |
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Then the shade of Marx was gone, and the walls of the official residence had reassumed their reassuring solidity. |
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Such views do not differ essentially from the arguments used by anarchists during the time of Marx and Engels. |
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In other words, Marx and Paine and the rest should have advanced progressively into the future. |
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There are many aspects to this, but the most basic is in relation to the scientific conception of socialism developed by Karl Marx. |
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Marx strove, better than most, to give shape to the astonishing development he saw around him. |
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So, Marx argued that as long as one is not controlling the means of production, they are proletarian. |
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In the Manuscripts Marx clearly articulates the role of the human subject as mediator of the social objectivity. |
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To the Marx songs, the tessitura of which is ideally suited to her edgy soprano, she brings incomparable authority and ravishing vocalism. |
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She grew up as a member of this oppressed proletariat that Marx and Engels wrote about. |
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Having discovered the origin of surplus value Marx was able to resolve one of the major problems upon which the Ricardian school had stumbled. |
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One important dispute revolved around Marx and the leading anarchist Bakunin. |
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He played the schnook with believable restraint, leaving the Marx Brothers, Jerry Lewis and Lou Costello to play the clowns. |
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Marx detested romanticism, emotionalism, sentimentalism and humanitarianism of any kind. |
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Einstein is still a towering figure, Freud a very influential one, Marx has fallen on hard times. |
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Where then, Marx asks, is the positive possibility of German freedom to be found? |
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He and Marx both understood that history was both kind and unkind, that it had its stops, starts, and occasional reverses. |
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She gave priceless performances as the precisely perfect foil for Groucho Marx. |
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Marx himself was reinterpreted by German social democracy and transformed into an advocate of reformism. |
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Along the way, we will also come to an understanding of why labour took on the importance it did for Marx. |
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The wildly anarchic chaos created by the Marx Brothers at their best was a breath of fresh air, and their contempt for authority figures struck a chord with Milligan. |
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At best, Marx and Engels thought, this was putting the cart before the horse, since the job of planning a new society will belong to those who make one. |
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To put it anachronistically, you didn't belong to the constrained world of Marx and Milton Friedman. |
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Marshall Berman, 72 Philosopher Marshall Berman was as much an admirer of diversity and modernism as he was of Karl Marx. |
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It seems like only yesterday that you were a kooky bunch of English kids with a funny logo, a taste for Marx and a fetish for vintage synthesizers. |
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At first Marx hoped that revolution in Europe would gain a second wind. |
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But, as Karl Marx put it, religion is also the opiate of the people. |
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Secondly, Marx was opposed to the state and figured that once capitalist relations of alienation were overthrown, there would be no need for a state any longer. |
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Alvarez and Marx watched as bright orange columns of flame rained down upon the wretched tangle of vines and smoke started to trail up behind them. |
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On thing Marx is known for is his theory of worker alienation. |
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Neither Smith nor Marx can carry us far into the guts of globalized financial capitalism. |
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They never got the respect of Abbott and Costello, Laurel and Hardy, the Marx brothers. |
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Paul Giamatti huddles at an ATM as Occupy-style protestors quote Marx and fling dead rats. |
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Marx forecast that the profit motive would lead to overworking and exhausting the fertility of our soil and other natural systems. |
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Needless to say, they end up getting Harpo and chico Marx to play on the team instead. |
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The spirit of populism is unlike the specter of communism famously invoked by Marx and Engels. |
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Fundamentally, Marx assumed that human history involves transforming human nature, which encompasses both human beings and material objects. |
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Marx had a special concern with how people relate to their own labour power. |
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What Marx attacks are the atextual theses that history is made up of free events and that history is guided by superior individuals. |
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For Marx, social change was about conflict between opposing interests, driven in the background by economic forces. |
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Marx noted that this was not an intentional process, rather no individual or even state can go against the forces of economy. |
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Together, these compose the mode of production and Marx distinguished historical eras in terms of distinct modes of production. |
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At the same time, Marx stressed that capitalism was unstable and prone to periodic crises. |
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Marx believed that increasingly severe crises would punctuate this cycle of growth, collapse and more growth. |
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Followers of Marx have frequently debated amongst themselves over how to interpret Marx's writings and apply his concepts to the modern world. |
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In contrast to other philosophers, Marx offered theories that could often be tested with the scientific method. |
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Working in the Hegelian tradition, Marx rejected Comtean sociological positivism in attempt to develop a science of society. |
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Popper, the historian of ideas and his scholarship, is criticised in some academic quarters for his rejection of Plato, Hegel and Marx. |
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Karl Marx was living in London during the peak of the national controversy over the Highland Clearances. |
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Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. |
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The first objections to Marx came from the mutualists who opposed communism and statism. |
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As the ideas of Marx and Engels took on flesh, particularly in central Europe, socialists sought to unite in an international organisation. |
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There he bought a copy of The Communist Manifesto and read Karl Marx for the first time. |
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The school of thought derived from Marx and known as Political Economy focuses on production, in contrast. |
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Karl Marx introduced the concept of historical materialism into the study of world historical development. |
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Friedrich Engels was a social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, alongside Karl Marx. |
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Marx thought that working within the global capitalist system, colonialism is closely associated with uneven development. |
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On 21 February 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto. |
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Beccaria, and later Charles Dickens and Karl Marx noted the incidence of increased violent criminality at the times and places of executions. |
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Influential commentators included Walter Bagehot, Thomas Carlyle, Anthony Trollope, Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill. |
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Marx knew that wage labour existed on a modest scale for centuries before capitalist industry. |
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According to Marx, capital has the tendency for concentration and centralization in the hands of the wealthy. |
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Following Adam Smith, Marx distinguished the use value of commodities from their exchange value in the market. |
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Later, Engels supported Marx financially to do research and write Das Kapital. |
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On his way to Manchester, Engels visited the office of the Rheinische Zeitung and met Karl Marx for the first time. |
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Marx mistakenly thought that Engels was still associated with the Berliner Young Hegelians, with whom Marx had just broken off ties. |
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On the way, he stopped in Paris to meet Karl Marx, with whom he had an earlier correspondence. |
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Marx had read and was impressed by Engels's articles on The Condition of the Working Class in England. |
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Marx himself was expelled from Paris by French authorities on 3 February 1845 and settled in Brussels with his wife and one daughter. |
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Even before the publication of his book, Engels moved to Brussels in late April 1845, to collaborate with Marx on another book, German Ideology. |
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However, these contacts became more important as both Marx and Engels began political organising for the German Workers Party. |
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From 1845 to 1848, Engels and Marx lived in Brussels, spending much of their time organising the city's German workers. |
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Marx and Engels made many new important contacts through the Communist League. |
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While most of the associates of Marx and Engels were German immigrants living in Brussels, some of their new associates were Belgians. |
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The Communist League commissioned Marx and Engels to write a pamphlet explaining the principles of communism. |
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This event caused Engels and Marx to go back to their homeland of the Prussia, specifically the city of Cologne. |
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After the coup, Marx lost his Prussian citizenship, was deported, and fled to Paris and then London. |
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Marx and others became concerned for Engels's life until they finally heard from him. |
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Marx was later to incorporate this comically ironic characterisation of Louis Bonaparte's coup into his essay about the coup. |
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Indeed, Marx even called the essay The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte again using Engels's suggested characterisation. |
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At this time, Marx was living in London but they were able to exchange ideas through daily correspondence. |
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One of the ideas that Engels and Marx contemplated was the possibility and character of a potential revolution in the Russias. |
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This analysis was based on what Marx and Engels saw as the exceptional characteristics of the Russian village commune or obshchina. |
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After their first meeting in 1844, Karl Marx read and was profoundly impressed by the book. |
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In 1844, in Paris, Engels met and formed his lifelong intellectual partnership with Karl Marx. |
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His writings about turning work into play influenced the young Karl Marx and helped him devise his theory of alienation. |
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Karl Marx has condemned the theory of Proudhon criminalizing strike action in his work The Poverty of Philosophy. |
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Another major influence in Weber's life was the writings of Karl Marx and the workings of socialist thought in academia and active politics. |
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In comparison with Durkheim and Marx, Weber was more focused on individuals and culture and this is clear in his methodology. |
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Early members include Eric Gill, Enid Marx, Sir Frank Whittle and numerous other household names. |
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Marx and Engels agreed with Carlyle as far as his criticism of the hereditary aristocracy. |
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Kazmi has a persistent cough and frequently quotes Karl Marx. Despite the heat, he wears a woolly hat and a waistcoat over his salwar kameez. |
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In Rome, a restorer toothbrushed away some candle-grime over God's Sistine Chapel eye to reveal an eyebrow of Groucho Marx proportion. |
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As with the dialectic, Marx began with a Hegelian notion of alienation but developed a more materialist conception. |
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Marx believed that the contradictions of capitalism would lead to socialism. |
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The economics books Marx was reading at the time can be seen in the library, as can the window seat where Marx and Engels would meet. |
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Marx and Engels at the same time commented on the Chartist movement and Jones' work in their letters and articles. |
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Two contrasting assessments of Burke also were offered long after his death by Karl Marx and Winston Churchill. |
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In late 1975, Queen recorded and released A Night at the Opera, taking its name from the popular Marx Brothers movie. |
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Karl Marx, on the other hand, opposed piecemeal reforms advanced by middle class reformers out of a sense of duty. |
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He foresaw, like Karl Marx, the phenomenon of an alienated industrial proletariat. |
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The working class ignored foreign agitators like Karl Marx in their midst, and joined in celebrating the new prosperity. |
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Karl Marx argued that there were fundamental contradictions within the capitalist system, and that the workers were anything but free. |
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In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and what he considered to be the exploitation of labour by capital. |
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Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history and his work has been both lauded and criticised. |
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Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science. |
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While at the University at Bonn, Marx joined the Poets' Club, a group containing political radicals that were monitored by the police. |
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Spending summer and autumn 1836 in Trier, Marx became more serious about his studies and his life. |
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Bauer claimed that Marx and Engels misunderstood what he was trying to say. |
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He became engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, an educated baroness of the Prussian ruling class who had known Marx since childhood. |
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In October 1836, Marx arrived in Berlin, matriculating in the university's faculty of law and renting a room in the Mittelstrasse. |
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They gathered around Ludwig Feuerbach and Bruno Bauer, with Marx developing a particularly close friendship with Adolf Rutenberg. |
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Marx had been emotionally close to his father and treasured his memory after his death. |
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Soon, Marx and Engels were collaborating on a criticism of the philosophical ideas of Marx's former friend, Bruno Bauer. |
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At this point, Marx moved from Paris to Brussels, where Marx hoped to once again continue his study of capitalism and political economy. |
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In Brussels, Marx associated with other exiled socialists from across Europe, including Moses Hess, Karl Heinzen and Joseph Weydemeyer. |
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Marx used the trip as an opportunity to examine the economic resources available for study in various libraries in London and Manchester. |
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In German Ideology, Marx and Engels finally completed their philosophy, which was based solely on materialism as the sole motor force in history. |
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While residing in Brussels in 1846, Marx continued his association with the secret radical organisation League of the Just. |
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Both Marx and Engels participated in drawing the programme and organisational principles of the new Communist League. |
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Consequently, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung was soon suppressed and Marx was ordered to leave the country on 16 May. |
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Marx moved to London in early June 1849 and would remain based in the city for the rest of his life. |
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Meanwhile, Marx also became heavily involved with the socialist German Workers' Educational Society. |
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While in London, Marx devoted himself to the task of revolutionary organising of the working class. |
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Marx was just one of the reporters in Europe that the New York Tribune employed. |
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The years of revolution from 1848 to 1849 had been a grand experience for both Marx and Engels. |
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For some time after 1848, Marx and Engels wondered if the entire revolutionary upsurge had completely played out. |
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The downturn in the United States economy in 1852 led Marx and Engels to wonder if a revolutionary upsurge would soon occur. |
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By returning to his study of economics, Marx felt he would be able to understand more thoroughly what was occurring in the world. |
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Marx continued to write articles for the New York Daily Tribune as long as he was sure that the Tribune's editorial policy was still progressive. |
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Marx strongly disagreed with this new political position and in 1863 was forced to withdraw as a writer for the Tribune. |
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Finally in 1859, Marx published A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, his first serious economic work. |
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The reasoning Marx laid out in his book clearly delineated the true relationship between use value and value. |
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Here Marx elaborated his labour theory of value, which had been influenced by Thomas Hodgskin. |
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Indeed, Marx quoted Hodgskin as recognising the alienation of labour that occurred under modern capitalist production. |
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Volumes II and III of Capital remained mere manuscripts upon which Marx continued to work for the rest of his life. |
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There are allegations that Marx also fathered a son, Freddy, out of wedlock by his housekeeper, Helene Demuth. |
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Marx frequently used pseudonyms, often when renting a house or flat, apparently to make it harder for the authorities to track him down. |
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A serious nervous disorder appeared in 1877 and protracted insomnia was a consequence, which Marx fought with narcotics. |
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Seigel, in his late teens Marx may have had pneumonia or pleurisy, the effects of which led to his being exempted from Prussian military service. |
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Following the death of his wife Jenny in December 1881, Marx developed a catarrh that kept him in ill health for the last 15 months of his life. |
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Some followers of Marx therefore concluded that a communist revolution would inevitably occur. |
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By adopting this approach, Marx attempted to separate key findings from ideological biases. |
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As Marx said, history repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce. |
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This is especially the case in Marx and in Marxist theorisations of consciousness and ideology. |
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Alas, I must invoke Marx, because it is a question of limited resources. |
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Marx also discussed the argument in chapter 2 of The German Ideology. |
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By 1881, both Marx and Engels began to contemplate a course of development in Russia that would lead directly to the communist stage without the intervening bourgeois stage. |
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When Louis Bonaparte carried out a coup against the French government and made himself president for life on 2 December 1851, Marx and Engels, like many people, were shocked. |
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Little more is known, as Engels destroyed over 1,500 letters between himself and Marx after the latter's death so as to conceal the details of their secretive lifestyle. |
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During this time in Paris, both Marx and Engels began their association with and then joined the secret revolutionary society called the League of the Just. |
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Prior to meeting Marx, Engels had become established as a fully developed materialist and scientific socialist, independent of Marx's philosophical development. |
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Marx had been living in Paris since late October 1843, after the Rheinische Zeitung was banned in March 1843 by Prussian governmental authorities. |
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The term capitalism in its modern sense is often attributed to Karl Marx. |
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Karl Marx worried that the capitalist system would eventually lead to wages only sufficient for subsistence due to the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. |
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Hence, Marx's influence on antimilitarist doctrine was not surprising, although making Marx accountable for the antimilitarist tradition is a large overstatement. |
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Marx then predicted the eventual proletarian revolution that would result in the attainment of socialism, followed by Communism, where property would be communally owned. |
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It is now common to distinguish between the legacy and influence of Marx specifically and the legacy and influence of those who shaped his ideas for political purposes. |
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Since Marx believed that surplus value appropriated from labour is the source of profits, he concluded that the rate of profit would fall even as the economy grew. |
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According to Marx, capitalists take advantage of the difference between the labour market and the market for whatever commodity the capitalist can produce. |
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In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and the theory of surplus value which, he believed, explained the exploitation of labour by capital. |
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Marx also never clearly discusses issues of morality and justice, although scholars agree that his work contained implicit discussion of those concepts. |
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Marx further argues that by moulding nature in desired ways the subject takes the object as its own and thus permits the individual to be actualised as fully human. |
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Marx believed that he could study history and society scientifically and discern tendencies of history and the resulting outcome of social conflicts. |
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Though in general Marx had a blind faith in his closest friends, nevertheless he himself complained that he was sometimes too mistrustful and unjust even to them. |
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Now, while that might work in Hollywood, I wouldn't quite advise using the otherwise-talented Marx brothers as role models for your schmoozing skills. |
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Marx Schoenberg and Morris Marks were partisan Republicans who sought their political fortunes in a parish where African Americans comprised the large majority of voters. |
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The abscesses were so bad that Marx could neither sit nor work upright. |
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Marx and von Westphalen had seven children together, but partly owing to the poor conditions in which they lived whilst in London, only three survived to adulthood. |
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Before he died, Marx asked Engels to write up these ideas, which were published in 1884 under the title The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. |
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Although Marx won this contest, the transfer of the seat of the General Council from London to New York in 1872, which Marx supported, led to the decline of the International. |
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Marx longed to return to his economic studies, as he had left these studies in 1844 and had been preoccupied with other projects over the last thirteen years. |
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Several characteristics about the Tribune made the newspaper an excellent vehicle for Marx to reach a sympathetic public across the Atlantic Ocean. |
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Later, Marx and Engels both began writing for six different newspapers around the world in England, the United States, Prussia, Austria and South Africa. |
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Commending the grubbing of the revolutionary old mole in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Karl Marx tacitly promotes an art of dirt alongside a practice of the dig. |
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On 1 June, Marx started publication of a daily newspaper, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, which he helped to finance through his recent inheritance from his father. |
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These books laid the foundation for Marx and Engels's most famous work, a political pamphlet that has since come to be commonly known as The Communist Manifesto. |
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In collaboration with Engels, Marx also set about writing a book which is often seen as his best treatment of the concept of historical materialism, The German Ideology. |
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Kuhn's success is also an instance of the enduring appeal of theomachy, a mode of explanation which worked so brilliantly for Marx and Freud, and, long before, for Homer. |
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Karl Marx defined the working class or proletariat as individuals who sell their labour power for wages and who do not own the means of production. |
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In April 1845, Engels moved from Barmen in Germany to Brussels to join Marx and the growing cadre of members of the League of the Just now seeking home in Brussels. |
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Accordingly, Marx wrote The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. |
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Marx was constantly being pulled away from his study of political economy. |
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Marx was considering an academic career, but this path was barred by the government's growing opposition to classical liberalism and the Young Hegelians. |
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Marx soon abandoned fiction for other pursuits, including the study of both English and Italian, art history and the translation of Latin classics. |
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Jones and Harney knew Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels personally. |
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Young Marx was privately educated by his father until 1830, when he entered Trier High School, whose headmaster, Hugo Wyttenbach, was a friend of his father. |
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The party soon split, with the Socialist League of William Morris becoming divided between anarchists and Marxists such as Morris and Eleanor Marx. |
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Marx thus defined feudalism primarily by its economic characteristics. |
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It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. |
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The film premiered in London and New York in July and August, respectively, and was an international success, with some critics drawing comparison with the Marx Brothers. |
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Marx was primarily a propagandist, a polemicist, a gifted sloganizer. |
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Although utopian socialists shared few political, social, or economic perspectives, Marx and Engels argued that they shared certain intellectual characteristics. |
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Marx accused Proudhon of wanting to rise above the bourgeoisie. |
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